Description:
An orange to red pigment in the form of a powder (slightly soluble in water) with a characteristic smell and without taste, which can be easily obtained from plants. However, it is mainly provided by chemical synthesis, which is more cost-effective. In nature, we find it in many plants that it gives color to, and the most famous example is the carrot.

Applications:
It is primarily used as a vitamin food supplement and as a colorant in the food industry.

E-number:
E 160

CAS:
7235-40-7

Molecular formula:
C₄₀O₅₆

Molar mass:
536.88 g/mol

Description:
White or almost white crystalline powder (soluble in water) without odor and bitter taste, which is obtained by a chemical process in several steps. In nature, it is found in various plants such as coffee, cocoa, guarana, etc.

Applications:
It is primarily used in the food industry as an additive to drinks and meals or a stimulant for the central nervous system. Caffeine is most often added to energy drinks, juices, coffee, and chocolate.

E-number:
E 300

CAS:
58-08-2

Molecular formula:
C₈H₁₀N₄O₂

Molar mass:
194.19 g/mol

Description:
White or light yellow granules or crystalline powder (soluble in water) without odor and salty taste, which is obtained by dissolving ascorbic acid in water and adding an equivalent amount of sodium bicarbonate to the solution.

Applications:
It is primarily used as an antioxidant in the food industry for beverages and dry food and in animal feed preparations. Sodium ascorbate is also utilized in the production of multi-vitamin mixtures.

E-number:
E 301

CAS:
134-03-2

Molecular formula:
C₆H₇NaO₆

Molar mass:
198.11 g/mol

Description:
White or light yellow granules or crystalline powder (soluble in water) without odor and salty taste, which is obtained from sugar derivatives of beet, sugar cane, and corn.

Applications:
It is primarily used as a preservative in the food industry, where it reduces the harmfulness of using nitrates and maintains the natural colors and moisture of meat products. Erythorbate is also utilized because it improves the taste and stabilizes the final product, acting as an antioxidant.

E-number:
E 316

CAS:
6381-77-7

Molecular formula:
C₆H₇NaO₆ * H₂O

Molar mass:
216.12 g/mol

Description:
White crystals or crystalline powder (soluble in water) without odor and slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by the reaction between ethylene oxide and sodium bisulfite, from which isethic acid is formed, which is then used to obtain the synthetic form of taurine. It occurs naturally in fish and meat.

Applications:
It is primarily used as a supplement to energy drinks and other products in sports nutrition because the body needs it to enable the immune and nervous systems to function. Taurine is also utilized in the production of dairy products, and food for newborns, and finds applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

CAS:
107-35-7

Molecular formula:
C₂H₇NO₃S

Molar mass:
125.15 g/mol

Description:
Orange-yellow powder (poorly soluble in water) with a characteristic smell and bitter taste, which is obtained by chemical synthesis or fermentation. It is often called a growth, or rather cell breathing, factor, and is present in asparagus, bananas, mangel, cheese, milk, meat, eggs, and fish.

Applications:
It is primarily used in the food industry, as an ingredient that increases the vitamin content and coloring in the production of some types of food, such as spices and the like. Vitamin B2 is also utilized in the production of baby food, pasta, sauces, processed cheeses, and energy drinks.

E-number:
E 101

CAS:
83-88-5

Molecular formula:
C₁₇H₂ON₄O₆

Molar mass:
376.36 g/mol

Description:
White to light yellow powder (soluble in water) with a characteristic smell and without taste, also known as ascorbic acid, which is obtained by a classic two-step fermentation process. In nature, it is found in various plants, mostly in fruits and vegetables.

Applications:
It is primarily used in the food industry due to its antioxidant effects in the production of soft drinks, and the meat industry, and to some extent, it is used by almost every branch of the food industry. Vitamin C is also utilized in the pharmaceutical industry due to the numerous positive effects it has on the human body, such as growth and healing of all tissues, collagen formation, proper functioning of the immune system, and positive impact on the health of bones, cartilage, and teeth.

E-number:
E 300

CAS:
50-81-7

Molecular formula:
C₆H₈O₆

Molar mass:
176.13 g/mol